分享主義

之前用FC6，感覺不耐操，使用半年的期間幾乎每個月會發生兩次的當機，決定不在跟隨FC系列，

改安裝CentOS，安裝CentOS的過程非常順利，我搭配webmin的備份功能，將之前的設定還原到剛安裝完的CentOS，所有的服務都順利啟動，一個晚上就搞定，就是因為太過順利，都忘了要來分享我的使用心得，目前使用了一個月，完全沒發生過當機。

我的電腦們幾乎都已經具備了GbLAN網卡，主機板內附的，就剩下這一台Linux系統仍然搭配舊舊的10/100 Relteak螃蟹卡，於是上路露天拍賣買了一張Intel PRO 1000 MT，聽說這一系列的網卡在CentOS內建驅動程式，果然裝上之後只要重新設定網卡的IP就順利使用，本來10/1000的網卡是eth0，更換之後仍然抓到的是eth0，所有防火牆的設定都不需要變更。現在COPY一個6G的檔案只要5分鐘，網路備份更有效率。

極度推薦大家使用CentOS 5.1。

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Section 『Screen』
Identifier 『Screen0″
Device 『Videocard0″
Monitor 『PHILIPS 107T』
DefaultDepth 24
SubSection 『Display』
Viewport 0 0
Depth 24
Modes 『1024×768″
EndSubSection
EndSection

Section 『Monitor』
Identifier 『PHILIPS 107T』
VendorName 『PHILIPS』
ModelName 『107T』
HorizSync 30.0-71.0
VertRefresh 50.0-160.0
Option 『DPMS』
EndSection

存檔之後按Ctrl+Alt+F7切回到顯示不正常的xWindow模式再按Ctrl+Alt+Back就可以重新進入xWindow

===============================================

再來處理播放mp3的問題, 如果用yum install xmms會因Red hat拿掉mp3播放功能而不能播放, 最主要是版權的問題,先加入 freshrpm源和linva源

rpm -ivh http://ftp.freshrpms.net/pub/freshrpms/fedora/linux/5/freshrpms-release/freshrpms-release-1.1-1.fc.noarch.rpm

rpm -ivh http://rpm.livna.org/livna-release-5.rpm

然後yum install xmms-mp3
要播放WMA 的方法yum install xmms-wma
然後直接執行xmms

==============================================

啟動NAT功能的時候也遭遇到問題, 只設定iptables是不行的, 解決的方法必須將/etc/sysctl.conf 中的net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
改成net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

==============================================

如果有個User叫Amanda，你可能會發現怎麼Amanda沒辦法收信，Linux有一個備份軟體就叫做Amanda， FC6很雞婆的預設amanda這個帳號的信都會轉給root，要把Alice的轉寄設定拿掉才會收的到信。

==============================================

如果你是搜尋』VIA C7支援FC6″才找到這篇文章，那麼恭喜你FC6可以在VIA C7+CN700+8237A上運作很好，比起我之前那一台PIII+FC4要快上好幾倍，而且我這一台C7系統完全無風扇非常安靜，耗電量也比PIII小好幾倍，市面上有一些迷你型C7主機建議拿來當Linux Server，真的是不錯。

要強制openwebmail的使用者透過加密的ssl進行操作，可以在openwebmail/etc/openwebmail.conf中加入
forced_ssl_login yes <== 强制使用 ssl login

其他兩個必須手動增加的設定
enable_rootlogin yes <== root 可以 login
enable_sshterm yes <== 允許用户使用 ssh 功能

很多網站上DNS設定教學都沒有提到Red hat 7.x 和 Fedora Core 4的檔案路徑是不同的。

Red Hat 7.x的路徑是 /var/named

Fedora Core 4的路徑是 /var/named/chroot/var/named

昨天我在/var/named不斷更改設定都無法運作就是這個原因，當然為了安全這是好的作法。
這個資訊會換來一夜好眠^^

如果您使用 FC3 or FC4
要開啟 pop3 與 imap 時
一定會發現 /etc/xinetd.d/pop3 不見了？
其實在 Fedora core 2 之後，pop 及 imap 由 Dovecot 取代

Dovecot 官方網站：http://www.dovecot.org/

以下是啟動 Dovecot 的方法

編輯 Dovecot 組態檔 vi /etc/dovecot.conf
編輯內容 protocols = imap imaps 改成 protocols = imap pop3
啟動服務 /etc/rc.d/init.d/dovecot start
開機自動執行 chkconfig dovecot on

這樣就大公告成啦！

方法很簡單，到下面這個網頁去找RPM來安裝就可以了，現在只能讀取NTFS而不能寫入。
http://linux-ntfs.sourceforge.net/rpm/downloads.html

以為從此我與伺服器就要過著快樂的日子，怎麼突然我要上我的網站和寄e-mail給我自己都不行了，難道又被駭客入侵，令人毛骨悚然。又熬夜查了許久，iptables, named, httpd, seedmail, postfix…設定一切看起來正常，也可以上網。
最後我想到一個可能，就是我的IP跑掉了，於是我輸入了ifconfig，果然ADSL原本撥接所配發的IP竟然不一樣!!改變DNS設定要等24小時才會生效，先去睡吧。

隔日一早，我再次察看，IP竟然又變了，中華電信在耍什麼寶啊，真是個大駭客。

真的太感謝朋友的幫忙，果然經驗分享是很令人感動的過程。如果沒有鳥哥當初所架設的網站，並且用心的經營與管理，再加上廣大的網友學長們分享，我就不能在這麼短的時間內找的方法，如果沒有朋友平時的努力研究，並且和我分享所學，我到現在還是不能好眠。
事情太多，時間總是太少，互相分享才能擁有剩餘的美好時光，拿來跟所愛的人在一起。
歷經了兩個星期的摸索，總算是把Linux伺服器給運作正常了，謝謝大家。

經過一番奮鬥之後Iptables已經開始運作正常，可能是規則過於嚴謹，DNS和MAIL的封包都被拒於門外，所以到現在www.simonlee.idv.tw不能解析成IP位址，mail也收不到信。

跟朋友要了一個Iptables的Script做為參考，內容如下

#!/bin/sh
/bin/echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
/sbin/modprobe iptable_nat
/sbin/modprobe ip_tables
/sbin/modprobe ip_nat_ftp
/sbin/modprobe ip_nat_irc
/sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack
/sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp
/sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_irc
/sbin/modprobe ipt_MASQUERADE
/sbin/modprobe ipt_REDIRECT
/sbin/modprobe ipt_REJECT
/sbin/iptables -F
/sbin/iptables -X
/sbin/iptables -Z
/sbin/iptables -F -t nat
/sbin/iptables -X -t nat
/sbin/iptables -Z -t nat
/sbin/iptables -F -t mangle
/sbin/iptables -X -t mangle
/sbin/iptables -Z -t mangle
/sbin/iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -N ping
/sbin/iptables -A ping -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -m limit --limit 1/second -j RETURN
/sbin/iptables -A ping -p icmp -j REJECT
/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -m state --state NEW -j ping
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 110 -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 113 -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW,INVALID -j DROP
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -j DROP
/sbin/iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -s 192.168.2.0/24 -j MASQUERADE
/sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -p all -s 192.168.2.0/24 -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -p ICMP -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -m state --state NEW,INVALID -j DROP

還沒測試也不知道能不能改善問題

就為了http.conf中的proxy設定疏忽，導致被駭客輕易利用主機當跳板
應加入

<proxy *>
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from internal.example.com
<proxy>

之後我又加入

ServerSignature Off

算是小小的預防成功
詳細過程可以參考這裡